Ring Video Doorbell (2nd Generation)

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Device Name	Ring Video Doorbell (2nd Generation)
Brand	Ring (Amazon)
Type	Smart Doorbell / Security Camera
Released	2020
Current Firmware	Auto-updated via OTA

Device Category

Criterion	Score	Justification
Known hardware tampering	2 (Rare)	Doorbell mounted outdoors with security screw. Can be stolen with basic tools. Includes tamper sensor that alerts if removed. Ring Tamper Detection
Known vulnerabilities	3 (Very common)	Multiple high-profile security vulnerabilities disclosed including unauthorized camera feed access, Wi-Fi credential theft, and account takeovers. CVE Database Search
Prior attacks	3 (Very common)	Numerous widely reported incidents of Ring cameras being hacked, with attackers speaking through devices and harassing homeowners. State Attorney General Investigation
Updatability	1 (Very common)	Ring receives automatic OTA firmware updates pushed from Amazon servers. Updates installed transparently without user action. Ring Firmware Updates

Device Category Score: 3

Criterion	Score	Justification
Authentication with other systems	1 (Full)	Device communicates exclusively with Ring/Amazon cloud infrastructure using mutual TLS authentication. Direct local access without cloud auth is restricted. Ring Security Overview
Communications	1 (Encrypted with up-to-date encryption)	Video streams and device communications use modern TLS 1.2/1.3 encryption between device and Ring cloud servers. Encryption Standards
Storage	2 (Encrypted with obsolete encryption)	Video recordings stored in cloud are encrypted, but local device storage is limited and encryption implementation has been criticized by researchers. Bitdefender Storage Analysis

System Category Score: 2

Criterion	Score	Justification
Account management	1 (Full)	Ring accounts support multiple users, shared access, and detailed permission controls for family members and guests. Ring User Management
Authentication	2 (Basic)	Two-factor authentication available but was not enabled by default for many years. Account security depends heavily on user behavior. Security Analysis
Brute-force protection	2 (Basic)	Amazon account infrastructure provides rate limiting, but many users reused passwords from breached services leading to account takeovers. Password Reuse Impact
Event logging	1 (Access event logged)	Ring app provides detailed event history including motion alerts, doorbell presses, and live view sessions. Ring Event History
Passwords	2 (Require change after setup)	Users must set a password during account creation. Complexity requirements have historically been modest. Password Policy Analysis

User Authentication Category Score: 2

GRAS Total: 7

Final Grade: C (Moderate to High Danger Level)

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