D09
Device Basic Information
Device Type: Smart Water Leak Sensor Communication Protocol: Wi‑Fi Firmware Version: V1.3.7 Deployment Location: Kitchen Function: Water leakage monitoring and alarm
Assessment Methods
Packet capture, firmware analysis, configuration audit
OWASP IoT Top10 Assessment
- I1 Weak, Guessable, or Hardcoded Passwords
Vulnerability: Pre‑shared key is embedded in firmware. Risk Level: Medium Remediation: Generate unique key on first activation.
- I2 Insecure Network Services
Vulnerability: Simple alarm reporting service. Risk Level: Low Remediation: Add source authentication for alarm packet.
- I3 Insecure Ecosystem Interfaces
Vulnerability: Cloud alarm API has insufficient protection. Risk Level: Medium Remediation: Use token for API authentication.
- I4 Lack of Secure Update Mechanism
Vulnerability: Battery‑powered sensor rarely gets firmware update. Risk Level: Medium Remediation: Design low‑power secure update.
- I5 Use of Vulnerable and Outdated Components
Vulnerability: Lightweight embedded code with old libraries. Risk Level: Low Remediation: Audit code before release.
- I6 Insufficient Privacy Protection
Vulnerability: Sensor location information uploaded. Risk Level: Low Remediation: Let user decide location upload.
- I7 Insecure Data Transfer and Storage
Vulnerability: Leak alarm packet can be tampered. Risk Level: Medium Remediation: Add message integrity check.
- I8 Lack of Device Management & Audit
Vulnerability: No offline status notification. Risk Level: Low Remediation: Send heartbeat signal periodically.
- I9 Insecure Default Configurations
Vulnerability: Alarm sensitivity setting can be modified freely. Risk Level: Medium Remediation: Password protection for parameter modification.
- I10 Poor Physical Security
Vulnerability: Sensor can be moved manually. Risk Level: Low Remediation: Physical tamper alert optional.
